The Proliferation of Chinese Martial Arts Manuals in the Early 20th Century The early 20th century witnessed a surge in the publication of Chinese martial arts manuals, which played a pivotal role in preserving and disseminating these ancient fighting systems. This period marked a significant … read more
Amidst the ancient grove of towering redwoods, I stumbled upon a solitary figure standing like a sentinel, rooted firmly to the earth. Intrigued by the serene presence of the figure, I approached and discovered a Taiji master engaged in the practice of Zhan Zhuang, the … read more
The early development of Taiji, also known as Tai Chi Chuan, is deeply rooted in the martial arts traditions of the Chen family from Chenjiagou (Chen Village) in Henan Province, China.
The evolution of Taiji can be traced back to Chen Wangting, a 17th-century martial artist who is credited with creating several Taiji routines after his retirement from military service. He incorporated various martial arts techniques with Daoist philosophy, laying the foundational framework for what would later become known as Taiji.
Chen Changxing, a 14th generation descendant of the Chen family, played a pivotal role in the evolution of Taiji during the early 19th century. He synthesized earlier Chen routines into two routines known as the Old Frame (Laojia), which includes the First Form (Yilu) and the Second Form (Erlu or Cannon Fist).
Breaking with tradition, Chen Changxing taught these forms to Yang Luchan, a non-family member, who later popularized the style throughout China as Yang-style Tai Chi Chuan.
Chen Fake, a direct descendant of Chen Changxing, significantly influenced Taiji’s 20th century development. Born in 1887, he moved to Beijing in 1928 where he demonstrated Chen-style’s effectiveness through challenges, establishing its reputation. Chen Fake created the New Frame routines by adding movements to the Old Frame, emphasizing smaller circular motions, more obvious spiraling of the waist/dantian, explosive fajin (energy release) techniques, jumping footwork, and greater emphasis on martial applications like qinna (joint locks). The New Frame showcased a more dynamic and overtly powerful expression tailored to the “temperament of the young and fit city people” he taught in Beijing, while still adhering to Chen principles of continuous flowing movement.
Chen Qingping, another key figure, was a contemporary of Chen Fake and a 7th generation master of Chen-style Taiji. He is also associated with the development of the Zhaobao style of Taiji, having moved to Zhaobao Village and married into a local family. Chen Qingping’s teachings influenced the Zhaobao style, which shares similarities with the Chen style but also features distinct elements like the emphasis on spiral movements and uprooting techniques.
In summary, the development of Taiji from Chen Wangting through Chen Changxing to Chen Fake and Yang Luchan illustrates a rich history of innovation and adaptation within the martial arts.
Click on the map below to learn more about the individuals.
(work in progress, more articles will be added shortly)
Chen Fake 陳發科 (1887–1957), courtesy name Chen Fusheng, was a renowned Chinese martial artist who played a pivotal role in the development and global spread of Chen-style Taiji. He was born and raised in Chen Family Village (Chenjiagou, 陳家溝) in Henan province, where he was … read more
On the banks of a tranquil lake, I encountered a group of Taiji practitioners engaged in the practice of Taiji Sung – the art of relaxed strength. As I observed their movements with keen interest, the master explained the profound significance of this essential principle. … read more
Cheng Man Ching, also known as Zheng Manqing, was a renowned figure in the realm of martial arts, particularly in Tai Chi Chuan, as well as a skilled calligrapher, painter, and doctor of traditional Chinese medicine. Born on July 29, 1902, in Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province, China, Cheng Man Ching’s life journey would leave an indelible mark on the world of martial arts.
Cheng’s introduction to martial arts began in his youth, studying under Yang Chengfu, the grandson of Yang Luchan, founder of the Yang-style Tai Chi Chuan. Cheng showed exceptional talent and dedication, mastering the art under Yang’s guidance. His understanding of Tai Chi Chuan went beyond mere physical movements; he delved deeply into its philosophical and spiritual aspects, a trait that would characterize his teachings later in life.
In addition to his martial pursuits, Cheng Man Ching was a polymath with diverse interests. He received formal education in traditional Chinese medicine and became a licensed doctor. His expertise extended to calligraphy and painting, where he gained recognition for his masterful brushwork and artistic sensibility.
Cheng’s life took a significant turn when he moved to Taiwan in 1948 amid the Chinese Civil War. There, he continued to teach Tai Chi Chuan, attracting a devoted following. He adapted the traditional Yang-style Tai Chi Chuan into a shorter, more accessible form comprising 37 postures, known as the Yang-style Short Form or Cheng-style Tai Chi Chuan. This innovation made Tai Chi Chuan more approachable to beginners while retaining its essence and effectiveness.
Throughout his teaching career, Cheng emphasized the health benefits of Tai Chi Chuan, promoting it as a holistic practice that nourishes both body and mind.
His teachings attracted students from diverse backgrounds, including martial artists, scholars, and health enthusiasts. Cheng’s reputation as a Tai Chi master grew, earning him the respect and admiration of practitioners worldwide.
Cheng Man Ching’s contributions to Tai Chi Chuan extended beyond his innovative teaching methods. He authored several influential books on Tai Chi philosophy, including “Tai Chi Chuan: A Simplified Method of Calisthenics for Health & Self Defense” and “The Essence of T’ai Chi Ch’uan: The Literary Tradition.” These works helped popularize Tai Chi Chuan beyond China, introducing it to a global audience.
In his later years, Cheng Man Ching relocated to New York City, where he continued to teach and spread the practice of Tai Chi Chuan. He founded the Shr Jung School of Tai Chi Chuan, where he trained numerous instructors who would carry on his legacy. Despite battling health issues, Cheng remained dedicated to his practice and teaching until his passing on March 26, 1975.
Cheng Man Ching’s impact on Tai Chi Chuan cannot be overstated. He played a pivotal role in modernizing and popularizing this ancient martial art, transforming it into a widely practiced form of exercise and meditation. His teachings continue to inspire generations of practitioners, shaping the way Tai Chi Chuan is understood and practiced worldwide. Cheng’s legacy as a master martial artist, scholar, and healer endures, ensuring that his contributions to the world of martial arts and holistic health will be remembered for years to come.
Cheng Man Ching’s formative years were steeped in the traditions of Chinese art and culture. Raised in a family of artists, he inherited a deep appreciation for poetry, painting, calligraphy, and the nuanced principles of Chinese medicine. Despite the upheavals of early 20th-century China, Cheng’s artistic upbringing instilled in him a profound reverence for the interconnectedness of nature, body, and spirit – a theme that would resonate throughout his life’s work.
At the heart of Cheng’s teachings lay a profound philosophy that transcended the boundaries of martial arts. Rooted in the wisdom of ancient Chinese sages, Cheng espoused a holistic approach to life – one guided by principles of balance, harmony, and mindfulness. His famous dictum, “Use four ounces to deflect a thousand pounds,” encapsulated his belief in the power of skillful technique, inner strength, and non-aggression – a philosophy that resonated deeply with his students and admirers alike.
Cheng Man Ching’s impact extends far beyond the realm of martial arts. Through his writings, teachings, and personal example, he inspired generations of practitioners to embrace Taijiquan as a path to holistic wellness and self-discovery. In the 1960s, Cheng brought Taijiquan to the West, igniting a wave of interest that continues to ripple across the globe. His “Cheng Man-ching Short Form” became a staple of Taijiquan practice in the West, admired for its elegance, efficiency, and accessibility.
Central to Cheng Man Ching’s teachings was his nuanced understanding of Taijiquan as both a martial art and a holistic practice. While many view Tai Chi primarily as a gentle form of exercise, Cheng emphasized its roots in combat and self-defense. Drawing from his martial lineage and deep knowledge of Taijiquan principles, Cheng integrated martial applications into his teaching, offering students a comprehensive understanding of Tai Chi’s martial aspects alongside its health benefits.
For Cheng, the practice of Taijiquan was a dynamic interplay of Yin and Yang, softness and strength – a manifestation of Daoist philosophy in motion. Through his emphasis on proper body mechanics, sensitivity training, and the cultivation of internal energy, Cheng sought to impart not only self-defense skills but also a profound awareness of the body’s innate wisdom and potential for transformation. In essence, Cheng Man Ching’s approach to Taijiquan transcended the dichotomy of martial art versus exercise, inviting practitioners to explore the rich tapestry of Tai Chi as a holistic path to self-mastery and inner peace.
Click on the book cover to go to Amazon to purchase the book. Please note that these are affiliate links, which means I get a small kick-back for the recommendation while your price stays the same. This helps me maintain this website. Thank you.
This series is looking at various epochs of Martial Arts development in China leading to the development of Taijiquan in particular. This first part is highlighting historical Martial Artists from before Chen Wangting (1600 – 1680) who is the founder of what we know as … read more
As I strolled through the park, I overheard a passionate discussion between two Taiji enthusiasts, their voices animated as they delved into the life and legacy of Yang Luchan. “It’s truly remarkable how Yang Luchan revolutionized the practice of Taiji,” remarked one of the enthusiasts, … read more
Yang Luchan
The Founding Father of Yang-style Taiji, whose legacy continues to inspire practitioners worldwide.
Born in the village of Yongnian in Hebei Province, China, in 1799, Yang Luchan’s journey into the world of martial arts began at a young age. Despite humble beginnings, he possessed an innate talent and an insatiable thirst for knowledge that would propel him to greatness.
Under the guidance of the Chen family, Yang Luchan honed his skills in the traditional martial arts, mastering the rigorous training regimens and intricate techniques of the Chen-style Taiji. His dedication and perseverance soon earned him recognition as a formidable martial artist, and he became known far and wide for his skill and prowess.
However, it was Yang Luchan’s innovative approach to the practice of Taiji that truly set him apart. Drawing upon his experiences and insights gained from his training with the Chen family, he developed his own unique style – a synthesis of the fluid, circular movements of Taiji with the practical self-defense techniques of traditional martial arts.
Yang Luchan’s teachings emphasized the principles of relaxation, balance, and internal energy cultivation, laying the groundwork for what would later become known as Yang-style Taiji. His innovative approach revolutionized the practice of Taiji, making it accessible to people of all ages and abilities and earning him a reputation as a pioneer in the field.
Throughout his life, Yang Luchan dedicated himself to the propagation of Taiji, traveling far and wide to share his knowledge and expertise with students across China. His legacy lives on in the countless practitioners who continue to study and practice his teachings, each one carrying forward the tradition of Yang-style Taiji and honoring the memory of the master who paved the way. Yang Luchan’s contributions to the world of martial arts are immortalized in the graceful movements and timeless principles of Taiji – a testament to his enduring legacy as a master of the art.
Yang Luchan
Master of Movement, whose graceful forms embody the essence of Taiji philosophy.
As I wandered through the park, the rhythmic movements of Taiji practitioners caught my eye. Intrigued, I approached two individuals engaged in a lively discussion about different Taiji styles. “It’s fascinating to see how each Taiji style has its own unique flavor,” remarked one of … read more
Amidst the tranquil setting of a Taiji garden, two students found themselves drawn together by the shared pursuit of harmony and self-discovery. As they exchanged greetings, a sense of camaraderie blossomed between them, born of their mutual dedication to the ancient art. “So, what has … read more
Amidst the bustling streets of the city, I found myself in the company of a venerable sage—a master of the ancient arts, whose presence radiated wisdom and grace. As we sat together in a quiet tea house, I listened intently as he shared tales of his own journey along the path of harmony.
“Tell me, Master,” I asked, “what wisdom have you gleaned from your years of practice?”
The sage smiled, his eyes twinkling with hidden knowledge. “Ah, my friend,” he replied, “the path of harmony is a journey of discovery—a continual unfolding of the self and the world around us. In my youth, I studied under the guidance of the great Cheng Man Ching—a master of Taiji whose teachings continue to inspire and guide me to this day.”
Intrigued, I leaned forward, eager to hear more. “What was Cheng Man Ching like as a teacher?” I inquired.
The sage’s face softened with fond reminiscence. “Cheng Man Ching was a true embodiment of the Taiji principles—gentle yet powerful, humble yet profound. Under his guidance, I learned not only the physical forms of Taiji, but also the deeper principles of balance, harmony, and the Tao.”
As the sage spoke, I felt a sense of reverence wash over me—a recognition of the profound lineage that stretched back through the ages, connecting us all in a timeless dance of wisdom and insight. And as I listened to his words, I knew that I was in the presence of a true master—one whose teachings would continue to illuminate my path for years to come.
Upon returning home from my enlightening conversation with the sage, I felt a renewed sense of purpose and curiosity. Eager to delve deeper into the teachings of Cheng Man Ching, I sought out books and resources that could offer insight into his life and legacy.
One book, in particular, caught my eye—an in-depth biography chronicling the remarkable journey of Cheng Man Ching, from his humble beginnings to his status as a revered master of Taiji. With anticipation coursing through my veins, I eagerly immersed myself in its pages, eager to uncover the secrets of this legendary figure.
Born in 1901 in Yongnian County, Hebei Province, China, Cheng Man Ching’s early years were marked by a deep curiosity and a thirst for knowledge. As a young man, he studied traditional Chinese medicine and martial arts, honing his skills under the guidance of esteemed masters.
In the 1920s, Cheng Man Ching’s journey led him to the renowned Yang family, where he became a disciple of Yang Chengfu, the legendary master of Yang-style Taiji. Under Yang Chengfu’s tutelage, Cheng Man Ching delved deep into the principles of Taiji, mastering its forms and internal dynamics with unparalleled skill and dedication.
In addition to his martial pursuits, Cheng Man Ching was also a gifted scholar and artist, with a keen interest in calligraphy, poetry, and traditional Chinese painting. His artistic endeavors would later influence his approach to Taiji, as he sought to embody the principles of grace, balance, and harmony in both movement and expression.
In the 1940s, Cheng Man Ching’s life took a dramatic turn as he was diagnosed with tuberculosis—a debilitating illness that threatened to derail his burgeoning career as a martial artist. Undeterred, Cheng Man Ching turned to the practice of Taiji as a form of healing, developing a modified version of the traditional Yang-style form that could be practiced by individuals of all ages and abilities.
Through his innovative teachings and holistic approach to health and well-being, Cheng Man Ching soon gained a reputation as a master healer and teacher. In the years that followed, he would travel extensively, spreading the teachings of Taiji to students around the world and earning the admiration and respect of countless practitioners.
Cheng Man Ching’s legacy continues to endure to this day, his teachings serving as a beacon of inspiration and guidance for all who seek harmony, balance, and self-discovery through the practice of Taiji. As I read his biography, I couldn’t help but feel a profound sense of gratitude for the wisdom and insight he had shared with the world – a legacy that would continue to shape my own journey for years to come.
Read more about Cheng Man Ching (Zheng Manqing) here: About Cheng Man Ching